Naturally Generated Elements and Giving Them Senses: A Usage of Diagrams in Problem Solving


In J. P. Ponte & J. F. Matos (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, vol. III. (pp.376-383). Lisbon: University of Lisbon.



Summary

In this paper, we analyze the usefullness of diagrams in mathematical problem solving from standpoint that diagrams can be changing gradually during solving processes. The aim of this paper is to present one function of diagrams, i.e. generating new elements by integrating information at hand. After considering examples from the previous research, students' solutions will be analyzed in order to find an empirical evidence for this function. The analysis will also suggest that, even if diagrams can show new elements to a solver, the decision about what sense should be given to those elements is left to the solver.


Prospective Structures in Mathematical Problem Solving.


In I. Hirabayashi et al. (Eds.), Proceedings ofthe17th International Conference for the Psychology of Mathematics Educaiton, vol. III .(pp.49-56). Tsukuba: University of Tsukuba



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Summary

The aim of this study is to explore problem-solving processes and find some characteristic activities by expert problem solver. The video-taped and audio- taped records are analyzed and interpreted from the viewpoint of the solver's structures of the problem situation. From this analysis, the following characteristic activities are found; (1) During the problem solving process a solver constructs prospective structures of the problem situation; (2) even if the prospective structure proves to be inappropriate, trying to elaborate the prospective structure can produce the useful information to the solver. Existence of prospective structures is also justified by the recent views in philosophy of mathematics.


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